Jumat, 27 April 2012

Pengenalan Dasar Standar OHSAS 18001 Dan K3L

Yang dimaksud dari standar OHSAS 18001 adalah:
* Sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja
* Singkatan dari OHSAS yaitu Occupational Health and Safety Assesment Series
* OHSAS dikembangkan oleh British Standards Institute
* Standar sukarela

Standar OHSAS 18001 ini mencakup:
-Kebijakan K3 (OH&S)
-Perencanaan
-Pelaksanaan dan operasi
-Pemeriksaan
-Tinjauan Manajemen
-Perbaikan berkelanjutan.


Keuntungan menjalankan program OHSAS:
+Meningkatkan kinerja keselamatan
+Meningkatkan team work, produktifitas dan moral
+Menciptakan tempat kerja yang sehat dan selamat bagi karyawan
+Meningkatkan kinerja kesehatan dan lingkungan
+memperbaiki schedule dan mutu
+menurunkan kompensasi pekerja dan biaya kecelakaan.


PENJELASAN
I. Pernyataan kebijakan komitmen
>Melaksanakan perbaikan berkelanjutan
>Melaksanakan peraturan perundangan K3L
>Mendokumentasikan, menerapkan dan memeliharanya
>Mengkomunikasikan ke seluruh karyawan
>Meninjau secara periodic untuk menjamin bahwa kebijakannya masih sesuai.

II. Perencanaan
>Identifikasi bahaya dan penilaian resiko dan penetapan pengendalian
>Peraturan perundangan dan persyaratan lainnya
>Sasaran dan program

III. Pelaksanaan dan opearasi
>Training
>Komunikasi, partisipasi dan konsultasi
>Pengendalian operasi
>Tanggap Darurat

IV. Pemeriksaan
>Pemantauan dan pengukuran kinerja
>Evaluasi kepatuhan
>Investigasi kejadian, ketidaksesuaian, tindakan koreksi dan pencegahan
>Pengendalian catatan
>Internal audit

V. Tinjauan manajemen input
>Hasil internal audit dan evaluasi kepatuhan
>Hasil partisipasi dan konsultasi
>Komunikasi external termasuk keluhan
>Kinerja K3 perusahaan
>Pengembangan sasaran yang tercapai
>Status investigasi kejadian, tindakan koreksi dan pencegahan
>Tindak lanjut dari tinjauan manajemen sebelumnya
>Perubahan pertauran perundangan
>Rekomendasi perbaikan berlanjut

VI. Tinjauan manajemen output
>Kinerja K3
>kebijakan dan sasaran K3
>Sumberdaya
>Elemen lain dari sistem manajemen K3

*Orientasi basic training program

Selasa, 24 April 2012

Rumus Konversi Suhu


 RUMUS KONVERSI SUHU

Dari Celsius
Skala yang diinginkan
Formula
kelvin
K = °C + 273,15
Fahrenheit
°F = °C × 1,8 + 32
Rankine
°Ra = °C × 1,8 + 491,67
Delisle
°De = (100 − °C) × 1,5
Newton
°N = °C × 33/100
Réaumur
°Ré = °C × 0,8
Rømer
°Rø = °C × 21/40 + 7,5

Dari kelvin
Skala yang diinginkan
Formula
Celsius
°C = K − 273,15
Fahrenheit
°F = K × 1,8 − 459,67
Rankine
°Ra = K × 1,8
Delisle
°De = (373,15 − K) × 1,5
Newton
°N = (K − 273,15) × 33/100
Réaumur
°Ré = (K − 273,15) × 0,8
Rømer
°Rø = (K − 273,15) × 21/40 + 7,5

Skala yang dinginkan
Formula
kelvin
K = (°F + 459,67) / 1,8
Celsius
°C = (°F − 32) / 1,8
Rankine
°Ra = °F + 459,67
Delisle
°De = (212 − °F) × 5/6
Newton
°N = (°F − 32) × 11/60
Réaumur
°Ré = (°F − 32) / 2,25
Rømer
°Rø = (°F − 32) × 7/24 + 7,5

Dari Rankine
Skala yang diinginkan
Formula
kelvin
K = °Ra / 1,8
Celsius
°C = °Ra / 1,8 + 273,15
Fahrenheit
°F = °Ra - 459,67
Delisle
°De = (671,67 − °Ra) × 5/6
Newton
°N = (°Ra − 491,67) × 11/60
Réaumur
°Ré = (°Ra / 1,8 + 273,15) × 0,8
Rømer
°Rø = (°Ra − 491,67) × 7/24 + 7,5

Dari Réaumur
Skala yang diinginkan
Formula
kelvin
K = °Ré / 0,8 + 273,15
Celsius
°C = °Ré / 0,8
Fahrenheit
°F = °Ré × 2,25 + 32
Rankine
°Ra = °Ré × 2,25 + 491,67
Delisle
°De = (80 − °Ré) × 1,875
Newton
°N = °Ré × 33/80
Rømer
°Rø = °Ré × 21/32 + 7,5

Senin, 16 April 2012

Tips on Finding the Right Contractor



The interior design of a space is more than just finding the right rug or color paint. It's also about the overall aesthetic of the room, which is why many people opt to hire a professional contractor when remodeling. A contractor is typically a person who manages the entire project, bringing in a crew to complete the work, or perhaps even doing much of the work alone. Here are a few tips and tricks for finding the right contractor for your home remodeling project.
Look for Specialties
Depending on what type of remodeling you're doing, you may want to look for a contractor who specializes in your type of remodel. For example, if you're looking to remodel your kitchen, you'll want to work with someone who specializes in kitchen designs, or has plenty of experience with kitchen remodels. The same goes if you are looking to remodel existing bathroom designs or perhaps the exterior of your home. You want someone who specializes in and has extensive knowledge of that particular project.
Ask Questions
A contractor is not necessarily a "cover-all." In some instances, you'll need to hire additional help such as an architect or an interior designer. Then, these two people will work on the designs of these different spaces, whether it be a bedroom design, kitchen design, bathroom design or even game room designs. Upon your approval of said design, work together with the contractor to turn the space from a vision into a reality.
That being said, it's important to ask questions. Inquire if additional designers are needed to create the space. Ask what types of brands or cabinetry will be used in any space. Don't be afraid to ask for a portfolio of work, as a picture is worth a thousand words! Finally, and perhaps most importantly, ask for references to see if past customers were satisfied with the work.
Work Together
It is also worthwhile to note that you need to work together with your contractor to get the room of your dreams, whether it's kitchen designs or bathroom designs, or any other space in the home. You are not giving your contractor free-range to remodel as they see fit. They're there to create a space that you'll love, so you need to have your say in the space!
You should have an input in everything from the materials used in the home, to colors, styles, designs, patterns, textures, cabinetry, appliances and so forth. If you're not happy with an item or a look, it shouldn't go in!
However, if you wait until the item has already gone in before saying you're unhappy, don't be surprised when you're still charged for it. This is especially true for kitchen designs or bathroom designs, which tend to be the most costly of all remodels.
That being said, try to avoid last minute changes in the space: this includes kitchen designs, living room designs and other schemes. This costs the contractor not only time, but also money. Don't expect your contractor to be financially responsible for your choices. If you choose white subway tile and then decide it's not for you once it's installed, you are responsible for covering the costs of replacing it. Therefore, be absolutely sure of your choices!
Remodeling can help you achieve the look of your dreams. However, there are certain things you should do when looking to hire a contractor, such as asking questions, contacting references, and so forth.
 
Source: http://remodelinghellbook.blogspot.com/2011/12/tips-on-finding-right-contractor.html